How To Use Dietary Supplements. Part 1


Even a goat wouldn't eat what you eat. It is said that goats will eat anything. At various times their owners have reported that the animals had consumed such things as items of laundry from the clothesline, old shoes, paper (including banknotes), and in one case a horse's tail. With an appetite like that, you would think that Billy or Nanny would gladly accept an invitation to have dinner with us. But such, apparently, is not the case. Not long ago, partly as a joke and partly out of curiosity, a man I know offered the same food that had been prepared for his dinner to a neighbor's goat. He reported that the animal turned aside in disgust from the dishes offered it. Of course, man's dietary requirements differ somewhat from those of a goat. But in meeting those requirements, we have not shown any better sense in choosing our food. You are overfed but undernourished. Health authorities, nutritional experts, and practicing physicians are agreed that although Americans can afford to buy more and better food than any other peoples in the world, their diet is sadly deficient in certain important nutritional elements. We are a nation that is overfed but undernourished. The reason for this is that very often nutritional deficiency can and does occur without any outstanding clinical signs. Also, upper income groups are no more immune than those of a lower economic level. Dr. Norman Jolliffe, Director of the Bureau of Nutrition, New York City Health Department, and one of the country's outstanding authorities on nutrition, recently warned:

It is well established that deficiency disease, even without obvious clinical signs, may impair growth, mental development, resistance to many infections, ability to attain the maximum rate of wound healing, and decrease working ability.

In fact, inadequate nutrition, and incorrect nutrition, comprise a "hidden disease" in the United States - a disease costly in terms both of dollars and lives.

What is wrong with our diet and our eating habits? Many things are wrong with our diet and eating habits. Nowhere in the world is food treated so badly before it is eaten as in the United States. Here it is raised by the use of artificial chemicals. In an all-out effort aimed at quantity, rather than quality, we do everything humanly possible to destroy the original character that the Creator provided and intended for the yield of the earth. Moreover, by the time most of our food reaches the consumer, it is too highly processed, refined, and improperly preserved. To add to this inadequacy, we destroy what nutrient value remains by flame, fire, by watering it down with tap water, and by overloading it with salt, sugar, or seasoning. Then we sit down during hurried and harried business hours and bolt it down. And the result? Some 50 million or more Americans, adults and children, suffer from constipation, bad teeth, skin troubles, digestive disorders, fatigue, nervousness, and a multitude of other complaints. Most of them are caused directly by poor nutrition and sub-clinical vitamin deficiencies. To add to these digestive troubles, modern man has cut his oxygen intake by living indoors, often in artificially heated cells or rooms, and has lost contact with both sunshine and fresh air. This unnatural way of life is undoubtedly responsible for important metabolic changes that have occurred in civilized man. He has brought certain evils upon himself by losing those "catalysts" or "stokers of the body furnace." As a crowning insult to nature, we frequently sit scrunched in a chair most of our days, living in a constant state of tension and apprehension at our work. Man was originally very energetic, physically active and almost constantly engaged in some exercise or other. Today, thanks to our mechanical genius, we tend to depend upon a push-button instead of a muscle. All these factors make it necessary for us to seek "outside help" to make up for our nutritional and hygienic shortcomings.


How to supplement your diet with essential nutrients. One way science has found of helping us accomplish this is to supplement our diet with vitamins and other essential nutrients. Dr. Jolliffe, noted nutritionist whom we quoted earlier in this chapter, not long ago pointed out that the improved nutritional status of our population since 1940 is, in fact, largely due to enrichment of foods and vitamin supplements. States Dr. Jolliffe:

The agricultural scientist and the scientific farmer alike, know that it is not practical nor economic to raise hogs or chickens from purely agricultural products alone. They supplement the diet of their animals with a variety of vitamins, minerals, and other nutritionals. Although man does not like to think of himself as governed by similar nutritional rules as farm animals, we could learn and profit much by following what the scientific farmer practices.

For a number of years, the author has studied the effects of the following food and nutritional supplement programs, recommended to a large number of patients. They produced a striking and gratifying improvement in health levels and well-being. Also of greatest importance was the fact that they were found to be instrumental in lowering the cholesterol content of the blood and in reducing the amount of harmful blood fats. There was a corresponding decrease in the number of colds and infections that patients usually had. They also reported less constipation, nervousness, fatigue, and the like.

The five-step program. Here are the five steps that patients were asked to follow:
  1. Include daily as a food supplement at breakfast two to four tablespoonfuls of Lecithin extracted from soya beans.
  2. Add to your diet each day B Complex vitamins in the most potent form. Avoid the cheaper preparations which provide only small and ineffectual quantities of the vitamins, and have little or no effect on the body. Your doctor or druggist can advise you which brands provide potent quantities of the vitamins.
  3. Also add to your daily diet at least 25,000 units of Vitamin A, and 150 mg. of vitamin C.
  4. Take two tablespoonfuls of soya bean oil, corn oil orsafflower oil daily to provide the essential fatty acids necessary to proper nutrition. The oil may be used as a salad dressing, taken with tomato or fruit juice, or in any way you prefer.
  5. Include in your diet two to four tablespoonfuls of whole wheat germ each day. This may be eaten as a breakfast cereal with fruit, or sprinkled in your salad.

Now a word about the nature of these health-giving nutrients, and the reason for their use.

How to use Lecithin. 

Now I'm going to tell you about one of the most important nutritional supplements developed in the last 50 years. Make a careful note of it and of how it is to be used, as described in these pages. The least it can do for you is to improve your health and give you added vitality. And it may even help save your life. The substance is Lecithin - a bland, water-soluble, granular powder made from de-fatted soya beans. Soya beans have been an important staple in the diets of people in China and the Far East for centuries. But it was only recently that the health-giving properties of one of the beans' constituents - Lecithin - have been studied. Lecithin is what biochemists call a phosphatide. That means it is an essential constituent of all living cells, both animal and vegetable. As such, it plays a vital role in various phases of body chemistry and function. After more than 10 years of intense experimentation, not only with Lecithin, but with a large number of other cholesterol-reducing preparations used in the treatment of heart disease, atherosclerosis, and allied conditions, we found Lecithin to give the most rewarding result. It was, in fact, not only useful in treatment of heart and blood vessel disease, but also in their prevention.

Lecithin has very recently been shown to have the power of removing atherosclerosis from the arteries of experimental animals. Dr. Meyer Friedman, Dr. Sanford Byers, Dr. Ray Rosenman and their research associates in San Francisco have demonstrated in a most convincing and dramatic manner how injections of Lecithin remove the cholesterol plaques that were deposited in arteries. These fatty plaques were produced in the arteries by feeding large amounts of cholesterol and fats to the animals. They were characteristic of the atherosclerosis found in humans. Dr. Friedman and his co-workers believe that in atherosclerosis, as the fats and cholesterol are removed from the artery walls and flood the bloodstream, the atherosclerotic plaques are dissolved and removed by the Lecithin. The excess cholesterol and fats are thought to be converted by the liver into the bile and then excreted from the body. Although there is no known method of using Lecithin by injection in humans, the very high concentrations in the blood of Lecithin that are desirable for treatment can be achieved by feeding Lecithin and incorporating it into the daily diet.

Low-fat Menus. General Considerations For Low-fat Menus

The menus presented here include well balanced meals of high protein and high nutritional quality, with emphasis on very low-fat and low-cholesterol content. Although cholesterol is contained in all animal and vegetable fats, glandular organs such as brains, liver, kidney, sweetbreads, and giblets are especially high in cholesterol. In the case of liver, however, there are additional protective nutrients called phospholipids, that help overcome it's cholesterol content, and therefore make liver a valuable source of nourishment. Egg yolks and all foods with egg yolks are also high in cholesterol and are to be avoided as are egg noodles, pancake and waffle mixes, cake mixes with eggs, mayonnaise-type salad dressings, etc. Some simple suggestions foods are as follows:

Low-fat Menus. 1200-calorie Menus



On all our low calorie menus no fat, oil, margarine, or batter should be need on any food. Salad dressings should be made with the non-fat recipe as given previously. Trim off fats on all mats; only the lean variety should be used. All fruits should be either fresh or dietetic (canned without sugar but with saccharine or Sucaryl). No sugar or cream should be used for beverages. Sucaryl or saccharine may be used if indicated by your physician.


AVOID ALL FRIED FOODS, JRAVY, NUTS, AVOCADOS; PASTRIES SWEETENED CANNED FRUITS, SUGAR. SWEETENED FRUIT JUICES, SWEETENED CARBONATED BEVERAGES, LIQUORS.

Low-fat Menus. 800-calorie Menus


800 Calorie Diet Menu 1
Low calorie diets don't work
Low FAT diets do not work
Low CARB diets make you miserable


BREAKFAST
1/2 grapefruit
1/2 cup cereal
1/2 toast - no butter
Coffee
1 glass skim milk

LUNCH
Clear consomme - no fat
Rolled Filet of Sole (*)
Broccoli
1 glass skim milk or buttermilk
Tea or coffee - no sugar - no cream
3/4 cup strawberries

(*) Rolled Filet of Sole: 2lbs. rolled filet of sole, 1/2 cup cream of mushroom soup, 1/4 cup skim milk, 1 tablespoon grated onion, 1 teaspoon chopped parsley, 2 tablespoons sherry. Make fish into roll. Bake in casserole with all other ingredients except sherry. Bake for approximately 20 minutes at 300 degrees. Add sherry and serve (3 oz. serving = 185 calories)

DINNER
Small broiled tenderloin, 3 oz. - no fat
Fresh asparagus with lemon juice
1/2 cup carrots
Lettuce hearts with lemon juice
1/2 cantaloupe
Tea or coffee - no sugar - no cream




800 Calorie Diet Menu 2


BREAKFAST
Small glass orange juice
1/2 slice whole wheat toast
2 tablespoons cottage cheese
Black coffee, 1 glass skim milk

LUNCH
Tomato juice cocktail, with 2 crackers
Corned beef hash (*), string beans, pickled beet salad
Dietetic pears, 2 halves
Tea or coffee, 1 glass skim milk

(*) Corned beef hash: 2 oz. canned corn beef, 1 small onion, 2 tablespoons potato, 1/2 cup consomme. Grind all ingredients and thoroughly heat in oven (Calories: 160)

DINNER
1/2 baked breast of chicken (2 oz)
Baked banana squash
Fresh spinach with lemon
Tomato salad with dietetic dressing
D-Zerta with 1/2 sliced banana
Tea or coffee - no cream
Skim milk or buttermilk - no sugar





800 Calorie Diet Menu 3



BREAKFAST
Small glass unsweetened pineapple juice
Baked French toast (*) with 1 slice bread, 2 egg whites
Black coffee
1 glass skim milk

(*) Baked French Toast: 1 slice white bread with crust cut off, 2 egg whites, 1/4 cup skimmed milk, 1 teaspoon cinnamon and sugar. Beat egg whites, add milk, and dip bread in mixture. Bake in moderate oven until light brown. Serve with sugar and cinnamon mixture. (105 calories)

LUNCH
Clear chicken consomme—no fat
2 oz. or 1/4 can dietetic tuna fish on bed of lettuce with carrot stick — dill pickle — with dietetic dressing with quartered tomato
Small baked apple — no sugar
Tea or black coffee

DINNER Broiled lamb chop — trim off all fat
1/2 cup broccoli
1/2 cup carrots
Cole slaw with dietetic dressing
3 small or 2 large fresh apricots
Tea or black coffee — 1 glass skim milk




800 Calorie Diet Menu 4



BREAKFAST
3 stewed primes — no sugar
3/4 cup Pep or Cornflakes
1 glass skim milk
Coffee — no cream, no sugar

LUNCH
2 hot dogs Sauerkraut
1/4 cup Fordhook limas
Grapefruit and orange salad
Junket made with skim milk
Tea or coffee

DINNER
Broiled beef patty small (3 oz)
String beat
Stewed tomatoes
Celery hearts
Watermelon balls, 3/4 cup
Tea or coffee


800 Calorie Diet Menu 5

BREAKFAST
Large glass of juice
1/2 cup Ralstons
1 glass skim milk
Coffee

LUNCH
Bouillon
Shrimp salad: 6 shrimp, 1/4 cup celery, 3 egg whites, dietetic dressing
Carrot sticks
Royal Ann cherries
Tea or coffee
1 glass skim milk or buttermilk

DINNER
Hawaiian beef steak (*)
Shredded zuccini
Whole baby beets
Tossed green salad with dietetic dressing
1/2 cup sliced fresh pineapple
Tea or coffee

(*) Hawaiian Beef Steak: 2 oz. round steak, pepper and salt to taste, ground ginger to taste, 1 small onion, 1/4 cup pineapple, 1/2 cup tomato juice. Saute onion in tomato juice; add ginger and seasoning. Add steak and bake with pineapple in covered dish until tender. (Approximately 258 calories)


800 Calorie Diet Menu 6


BREAKFAST
1/2 cup fresh raspberries or dietetic canned
1 oz. or 1/2 thin slice ham broiled
1/2 toasted roll
1 teaspoon jam
Coffee — no cream
1 glass skim milk

LUNCH
Sauteed chicken liver (*)
Cauliflower with lemon
Fresh spinach
Tomato salad
Dietetic plums (3)
Tea or coffee
1 glass skim milk

(*) Saute with consomme.

DINNER
Baked fresh salmon (small slice—3 oz.)
Stewed celery
Fresh asparagus
Tossed green salad with dietetic dressing
Sliced orange
Tea or coffee




800 Calorie Diet Menu 7



BREAKFAST
1/2 sliced banana
2 small shredded wheat
1 glass skim milk
Coffee

LUNCH
Beef stew (2 oz. beef) with small onion, carrot, celery
Pickled beet salad
1/2 cup sherbet
Tea or coffee

DINNER
Clear chicken consomme
Fresh fruit platter: sliced fresh pineapple, 1/2 cup fresh strawberries, 1/2 sliced orange, 1/2 sliced peach
4 tablespoons cottage cheese
Tea or coffee
1 double Rye Krisp

How To Count The Calories. Part 3


There is only one healthy way to reduce. Our bookstores and newstands bristle with literature full of spectacular claims and quack formulas, all shouting, "Lose those extra pounds the fast, easy way." But the truth is (unless you like to be fooled at the expense of your own health) that there is only one safe and effective way to achieve the correct poundage and to keep it at that figure. That way is to follow a correct nutritional program, and to follow it consistently, one might almost say religiously. To do that means taking over a lifetime job of vigilance and self-discipline. But first you have to make up your mind that you want to do it, and then do it. And then stick to it.

Seven rules for getting your weight down and keeping it down. Once you have given yourself a powerful incentive, and have decided, "I will get my weight down and keep it down," then the following rules will help you:

  1. Follow the menus and dietary supplements suggested in this book as closely as possible.
  2. As an appetite curb, nibble a few low-fat hors d'oeuvres a little while before mealtime. (This raises the blood sugar level and takes the edge off your appetite.)
  3. Eat a substantial breakfast and a small lunch as provided in the menus given in this book.
  4. Try to have small servings of the food you eat.
  5. Avoid second helpings.
  6. Forego dessert if it is high in calories or fats.
  7. To know exactly where you stand each day, be a calorie counter, but a serious one. Use the table of foods and caloric values at the end of this chapter.


By glancing at the following table that shows the total number of calories needed daily for a man (or woman) of average weight and height at various ages, you will be surprised to see how much you really overeat. You will observe also that the caloric requirement declines with age. Thus a man who is 5 feet 10 inches tall and has the normal weight of 150 pounds, requires 2020 calories between the ages of 14 and 15, but only 1600 when he is 60. Similarly, a woman of average height (5 feet, 2 inches) and weight (125 pounds) requires 1600 calories when she is 14, but only 1260 calories when she is 60.


Drugs are not the answer. Unless they are needed for other reasons, I always counsel my patients against them. Taking thyroid extract, for example, when it is not indicated from a medical point of view, can damage the heart. A number of other commercial preparations now on the market, used for dulling the appetite, have the undesirable side effects of overstimulating the nervous system or, in some cases, of interfering with the body's metabolism. In the game of reducing, there are no "wild" cards, and there is no way to cheat. You will win or lose, depending upon how well you follow the rules and play your hand. Remember that the amount of money you spend for food is not half so important as the way you spend it. Whether your income is $3,000 a year or $50,000, the proper food in the proper amount is within your reach. Not only is such a program wise and helpful for you, but think how many years of good health and happiness you can offer your children. A survey made not long ago revealed that of almost three-fourths of the nation's children studied, not a single one rated top health grades in strict medical examinations! Such a deplorable and widespread epidemic of malnutrition can easily be corrected if you will bring to the vital subject of nutrition the same dedicated parental care that you do to other phases of your children's lives. You have nothing to lose, and precious years of life to gain.

How To Count The Calories. Part 1


If 20 million Americans were to appear on the streets tomorrow, each with a cement block weighing between 20 and 40 pounds permanently attached to his person, it would create a tremendous stir. How, you would ask, can they carry a load like that for the rest of their lives? They would command the sympathy of the entire nation. It is quite likely that our Congress itself would enact some kind of legislation to aid them. Fantastic? Not at all. As a matter of fact, such a situation does prevail right at this moment. The only difference is that the weights those 20 million Americans are carrying consist of fat rather than cement. And the burdens are less conspicuous because they are distributed over the body. But from the standpoint of health and the added work load placed on the heart, it makes no difference whether the cargo is cement or adipose tissue. The cost to the individual - in poor health, loss of energy, and in most cases, a shorter lifespan - is the same.

Overweight is a hidden disease. About the only people who seem to take this seriously are physicians and insurance actuaries. At least they are the only ones concerned in terms of health and longevity. They know that overweight is a "hidden disease," responsible for shortening the life of every average American adult by almost five and one-half years.Think what that means. Our own generation will lose a combined 108 million years of life because of overweight! This figure represents many times the number of adult years lost by the premature deaths of young men killed in World Wars I and II. Only in the past few years has the public become even dimly aware of the critical and dangerous results of being a nation of "fat cats." It's time we all began to sit up and take notice. If we learn how to count the calories, we will learn also how to count on more years of vibrant, healthful life. The tables of calorie values given in this chapter can become your easy-to-use weapon for fighting overweight and the bodily and emotional illnesses it brings on. Dr. Louis D. Dublin and Herbert H. Marks of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company were among the first to point to increased death rates attributable to excessive fat. In consequence, there have been a number of campaigns aimed at persuading people to reduce their weights to the normal or even the ideal figure.

Diet for health, not for beauty. Unfortunately, people are intensely human and, to give a new twist to an old maxim, the spirit is willing but the flesh is strong. The result has been a widespread practice of "stop-and-go" dieting aimed not at improved health, but at a more fashionable silhouette. Nothing could be worse than that kind of up-and-down-the-scales program. In the first place, you benefit from reduced weight only if the normal weight is maintained from that time on. Taking it off and then putting it on again is worse than remaining overweight, because it is in the process of becoming fat that a large part of the damage is done. This damage occurs in the blood vessels, liver, and heart - all critical sites of the body. Although the process of becoming fat is more detrimental than being fat, carrying around an over-upholstered frame is also a way to shorten the period of your sojourn on earth. As you put on excessive fat, movement of the blood throughout the body is slowed. The heart has to work harder to keep the circulation going. And the added weight places a greater burden upon your joints, which may develop trouble as a consequence.


Is overweight due to "glandular trouble"? You may often hear laymen express the view that some people are fat because of "glandular trouble." Such cases actually are very few. The reason most people are fat is simply because they eat more food than they actually need for their activities. The only way to cut down on weight is to cut down on eating, to reduce the number of calories in your daily diet.

What causes overweight? There are many causes for overweight. Most people, however, are overweight simply because they overeat. A very small percentage of people are obese due to some endocrine or glandular disorder. Some cases possibly are due to an error in the individual's metabolism. And still another small percentage of cases result from an inherited or constitutional trait that runs in families and is passed on from one generation to another like coloring, or facial and bodily structure. But the causes of obesity in over 95 per cent of the victims are: (1) nervousness, and (2) bad eating habits.

Nervousness is a primary cause of overweight. People overeat from nervousness, either conscious or subconscious, for a variety of reasons. Some people, when they feel anxious, constantly and regularly relieve their anxiety by the elemental satisfaction of eating. As they become more and more anxious, they require more and more food and become more and more fat! A vicious cycle. One of my patients, Judy S., aged 15, is very obese because of the lack of love and appreciation from her mother, who gives all her love and centers all her attention on her 2-year old, sickly little brother. Another patient, Mr. F., a 38-year old sales manager, is fat because he can't seem to stop eating in between meals and all during the evening as he sits by the television. He has been in danger of losing his job because his sales quotas continue to fall off and he feels certain that he will eventually lose his job. But still he eats. The more nervous he gets, the more he eats. Some people are so habituated to living under constant tension in their work or at home that the glands in their nervous and glandular systems constantly drive their blood sugars to low levels. As a result they feel continuously hungry, weak, tired, and tense. Food momentarily raises their blood sugars to normal levels. By eating continuously or at least frequently in between meals, they are able to have the strength and concentration to complete their tasks at work or in the home.

A feeling of failure can lead to overeating. Many other obese individuals eat out of sheer frustration or a feeling of failure. One patient of mine, a 28-year old man, is a brilliant mathematician. He wanted badly to become a physicist and scholar, especially since he was of a quiet, shy nature. Instead, he was prevailed upon to enter his father's large and very successful business. An only son, he was to be "groomed" as his father's successor in the running of the extensive family factories. Each day at work was one of frustration for him as he struggled to learn a business in which he basically had no interest. Probably most frustrating of all was the problem of coping with a hard-driving, dynamic father who dominated him and virtually threatened to crush his entire personality. Result? Every hour or so found him in the company cafeteria for a "breather," and the coffee breaks were easier to extend when some donuts, candy, or biscuits went along for the ride. At meal-hours, getting "oral" gratification from large meals with second helpings seemed to stave off the time for getting back to work during the day and seemed to make life tolerable. This man ate to ward off his constant frustration at his work and his domineering father. But his "solution" far from solved his basic problem; it created a new one on top of it. We all know that the eating of food is man's most primitive necessity for survival. And in order to survive the frustrations, tensions, anxieties, and loneliness that seem to grow worse with time, man often returns to his primitive behavior to give him a sense of some security and the feeling of overcoming his growing worries. A subsequent chapter discusses more fully some ways to combat these tensions. Many of these more severe problems require the care and guidance of experts especially trained in the treatment of emotional disturbances.

Bad food habits a second main cause of overweight. It is remarkable to find how many people eat out of boredom, sheer habit, or to the accompaniment of a newspaper, a book, or a heated business discussion. Many succumb to the habit of eating at a "minute" diner or lunch counter, gulping their food and running a "hoof and mouth" race with Father Time. (He always wins.) Others are trained from childhood to stuff themselves - "finish your plate." An old relic of primitive days when food scarcities or the uncertainties of a next meal or a next day were constantly present. Some call this "scavenger eating;" many children acquire this habit by imitating their parents who may have been raised under food scarcity circumstances. Many men and women are the victims of monotony or plain poor cooking in their meals. They rarely vary the selection and choice of foods out of sheer inertia, indifference, or lack of attention. So they try to make up in quantity what they lack in quality, seeking satisfaction from calories instead of from quality and contrast.

Epidemic Of Atherosclerosis. Part 4


Women have better natural protection against atherosclerosis. If you are a woman, you are less likely to suffer from a heart attack or stroke until well after you pass the half century mark. That is when your protective female hormones give out, and you become as susceptible to the disease as men. Can't men take female hormones to protect themselves? They can, but if they do, they will "cross the border" and develop a high voice, full enlarged breasts, and other feminine characteristics. So that approach to the problem is not practical. Anything else? Yes, there is something everyone can do without great inconvenience, and with the added reward of improved health in general. It is this: select a diet that will keep your blood fats down to normal levels.

Epidemic Of Atherosclerosis. Part 3


What is the situation in other countries of the world? We have evidence that a prime factor for the great difference between Americans and peoples in various other countries is diet. For example, let us see what happened in Norway during the war years of 1940-1945. Consumption of butter, milk, cheese and eggs (all of them high in fats) had to be sharply curtailed. Did the reduction of fat content in the national diet have any effect on the number of deaths from heart attack? The Norwegian Ministry of Health, which kept accurate records, answered that question with an emphatic "yes." With the reduction in fat consumption, the death rate from coronary attacks declined also. The Norwegians reported that heart deaths were reduced by 31 percent during each year among the urban population. At the same time, there was a 22 per cent drop in heart deaths among the rural population. France, which also had to tighten its belt during the war years, had similar evidence to offer. Mr. Marcel Moine, of the French Ministry of Health, reported to me that from 1941 to 1945, when Frenchmen were on a low-fat diet, the death rate from heart disease was reduced to 20.6 for each 100,000 persons. In the postwar years, when normal fat consumption was resumed, the death rate rose to 25.5 per 100,000 population, or a return to the old, prewar death rate.

Epidemic Of Atherosclerosis. Part 2


What is the cause of this new epidemic? Before taking up our discussion of ways to forestall a heart attack, it might therefore be well to understand more clearly the basic physiology involved. Let us start with a closer look at the arteries, the vessels that carry fresh blood from the heart to the billions of cells in our bodies that are in constant need of nourishment.

 Upon careful examination, we find that the arteries are not the simple tubes we have pictured them to be. Viewing them in cross section, we see that their structure is more like that of a garden hose, containing three layers of tissue in the walls. The inside layer or lining of the artery, which doctors call the intima9 consists of a slippery membrane somewhat similar to the mucous membrane on the inside of your mouth. The in-between layer, known as the media, is formed of muscle fiber. This enables the blood vessel to expand and contract with the heartbeat, to facilitate the flow of blood through it. The outer layer, called the adventitia, is composed of coarse strong fiber& which provide added strength to the artery. In both the outer and the intermediate layers, there are tiny intrinsic blood vessels which nourish the artery itself. 

Epidemic Of Atherosclerosis. Part 1


When a spanish-speaking friend wants to wish you the very best that life can offer, he will often lift his glass with the following toast: "To health and wealth - and time to enjoy both." Embodied in this simple salute are the three basic desires common to people everywhere in all ages.

Why can't we live longer? Everyone wants to live longer. It is one of the most deeply rooted instincts of mankind. Everyone wants to live a life of usefulness and abundance, free of disease and unhappiness. As we grow older, we look forward even more anxiously to increasing our lifespan. We want time to enjoy our achievements, time still to make plans. By the time we reach 60 we realize with the great French painter Gauguin that "life is a split second." We begin to think about all the things we still want to do before we reach our seventieth year. If we are fortunate enough to pass our seventieth birthday, we wonder whether we can't live even longer - perhaps to be 80. Well, why can't we? We are living much longer than did our ancestors a century ago. We have added 20 years to the average life expectancy in America since 1900.

Physiology Of Fat. Part 4


What an extraordinary contrast these two sample menus present in fat content and calories! On the one hand, the total calorie content of a typical American daily diet is about 2800 calories, of which almost 50 per cent is fat. The low-fat diet provides approximately 1800 calories (1000 calories less), which is the normal healthy amount for the average adult housewife or light worker. Here the fat content is about 15 per cent of the total dietary calorie content and is the amount found in the diets of millions of non-Americans who are virtually free of atherosclerosis or heart attacks and strokes. What a clear-cut and simple choice is given us for better health and longer life! The question may still arise, "Isn't fat necessary for normal health and nutrition?" As mentioned previously, the need for fat in humans has never been proven, although certain essential fatty acids contained in some vegetable oils are very valuable for keeping the blood fats lowered. In some people, fat seems to be necessary. The Hottentots are an example. These South African tribes, related to the Australian bushmen aborigines, are unique amongst humans in that their women have enormously developed buttocks, due to extraordinary deposits of fat!

Physiology Of Fat. Part 3

A great proportion of these fats in the blood is combined with proteins, called lipoproteins, which also have been the subject of research by many investigators. Scientists have only recently discovered by new tools of investigation that in these lipoproteins two separate portions can be measured: the alpha and the beta lipoproteins. The first have been shown to be protective against the development of atherosclerosis. They are found predominating in infants, children, and young women who have no evidence of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, the beta-lipoproteins have been found universally in excessive amounts in most cases of active atherosclerosis and so are called atherosclerosis producers or "ather-ogenic." The protective alpha-lipoproteins are spoken of as "anti-atherogenic." The problem of preventing atherosclerosis and its human ravages is the search for ways of increasing the protective alpha-lipoproteins. Chapter 5 discusses lecithin and other nutritional supplements and shows how to use these protective substances against the development of atherosclerosis. One of the greatest factors influential in the current epidemic of heart attacks has unquestionably been the startling increase in fat intake. In the United States alone, the fat content of our diet has just about doubled in recent times. Where fat formerly constituted some 15 to 20 per cent of our meals 50 years ago, it now has jumped to 30 and 40 per cent or more.

Physiology Of Fat. Part 2


Fats - What they are and what they do to you. The outstanding fats eaten daily in the United States and Europe are butter, eggs, whole milk, cream, meat, fish and poultry fats, and cheese in various combinations. These fats, at 9 calories per gram, contain more than twice the amount of calories than protein or carbohydrate does at four calories each per gram. As we have noted and shall describe in later chapters, excessive intake of fats leads to the shortening of life, premature death by heart attacks and strokes, obesity, and numerous crippling illnesses. Fats (or lipids) contain the elements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in various combinations of animal and vegetable fats. Examples of animal fats are butter, lard, cream, milk, eggs, and the fat in meats. Vegetable fats are soyabean oil, olive oil, cottonseed and corn oils, and peanut oils; these are found in nuts, coconuts, avocados, margarines and other vegetable fats used in cooking. Fats do not dissolve in water, and when pure they are odorless and tasteless. They are found in most bodily tissues, particularly in combination with other elements, proteins, or minerals. Fats or lipids act as vehicles for the absorption of the natural fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamins A, D, and E. In order for fats to be utilized by the body, they must first be digested and broken down into constituent parts before being absorbed. They are absorbed in the following manner: After the food is masticated and enters the stomach, the digestive system supplies its first fat enzyme called lipase, to begin the digestion of the fat. Enzymes or ferments are unique chemical compounds manufactured by the cells of the tissues. In the digestive tract they are vital for the chemical breakdown of all foods before they can be absorbed.

Physiology Of Fat. Part 1


Is fat necessary? Is like asking "Is Crime Necessary?" or "Is it Necessary to be Fat?" The implication alone is bad, like asking "How Often Do You Beat Your Wife?" Of course, the answer to all of these questions is "no."

Fat On Trial. Part 4


The lowfat diet proved to be effective in reducing weight and promoting general good health.


An equally important result of this research was this: We found that a substantial weight reduction of about 20 pounds was achieved by both men and women on the low-fat diet. This took place over a period of three years, and the weight loss was safe, gradual, healthful. Typical of this group of patients was Mr. B., a stocky, short man of 180 pounds, who had just recently recovered from his coronary thrombosis. But he now complained of great fatigue and shortness of breath on exertion. He just couldn't seem to be able to resume his work as a builder. For his height and bodily frame, he was easily 36 pounds overweight. On the low-fat diet he lost a pound each week. At the end of the year he weighed 145 pounds. In his own words, he "felt like a million dollars." He found himself vigorously back at work again, clambering about his construction jobs and housing projects with ease and enjoyment. The patients on the low-fat diet also gained some remarkable and unexpected health dividends. Many patients, for example, experienced a striking improvement in energy and vitality. The case of 47-year old Mrs. R. is an excellent one in point. She had made a fairly good immediate recovery from her coronary thrombosis. But even before her heart attack, her household activities were always a series of endless chores to her. To "get through the day," became a daily and finally a monumental challenge. First, it had been the race to get her three children off to school and husband off to work without even a chance to answer nature's call to the bathroom (the new American mother's form of colonic martyrdom!).

Fat On Trial. Part 3


Many other fat preventing agents have been discovered and found wanting. For example, my associates and I found, more than 10 years ago, that in various experimental animals certain members of the Vitamin-B complex were effective in preventing and treating atherosclerosis. These protective, vitamin-like agents were called lipotropic, or fat preventing. Although these findings were repeated and corroborated by many investigators, many medical scientists could not agree, and the use of such fat preventing agents never became generally accepted. Subsequently, they have been replaced by more promising medicines in the treatment of heart attacks and strokes. Another promising substance was heparin, which is a fat-clearing, anti-clotting medicine. Dr. Hyman Engelberg and other investigators have found heparin very valuable for controlling blood fats in the treatment of heart cases. Various other physicians, however, do not agree with these results. Moreover, the necessity of injecting heparin at frequent intervals and the need for greatest care in its administration made it difficult to use it on a wide scale. In certain cases, thyroid extract has been effective in reducing excessive cholesterol and fats in the blood. It was most helpful in those patients who had a sluggish or abnormally low basal metabolism rate, a sign of an underfunctioning thyroid gland. But unfortunately, it has not proved generally effective in all cases.

Fat On Trial. Part 2

Is there an excess of fat imbedded in the artery wall itself? This proved to be a very difficult question to answer. A search through the medical literature disclosed that no one had reported any findings on this crucial question. We found that there were tremendous chemical problems blocking the answer to the mystery, but due to good luck and a brilliant chemical feat by our team, we discovered and reported the following facts. The coronary artery that is damaged by an attack of atherosclerosis has four times as much cholesterol and fat content as that of the person who dies of causes other than heart attacks. Subsequent to our findings, investigators both here and abroad corroborated our findings, tracking down the "killer" fat to his lair directly in the artery itself. We also noted that high blood pressure had the special effect of driving the cholesterol and fats into the artery wall with more speed and greater destructive-ness than would normally be the case. 

Fat On Trial. Part 1


In 1911, in Moscow, Russia, a scientist named Anitschkow made the first discovery that later led to the identification of fat as the killer in cases of hardening of the arteries. He gave us the first clue to the role that fat in the blood vessels plays in causing heart attacks and strokes. Professor Anitschkow, now a vigorous 86, fed animals with cholesterol, one of the purest of fats. He found that the arteries of these animals became blocked with fatty deposits, in a manner indistinguishable from the blocking found in human arteries. The experiment also brought about premature aging in the animals; they grew old and suffered a loss of health and general vitality long before their time. It was only after a gap of more than a generation that scientists got on the track of the killer fat, but now the pursuit is highly active all over the world. The culprit is now on trial, and evidence for his conviction is steadily mounting.

How To Be Really Well, The Low-fat Way. Part 1

Your diet is the key to your health. 
Diet is an important factor in the cause and cure of many ills. The wrong foods can cause allergic reactions ranging from the well-known strawberry rash to death from allergic asphyxiation. The right foods can help you clear up such allergic reactions. The wrong foods can bring on overweight, sap your energy, rob you of zest and well-being. And in the degenerative diseases of the heart and blood vessels, diet is the key; it is the difference between active good health and dangerous illness. Not all doctors are agreed as to the exact role of the high-fat diet in the development of those circulatory disorders that account for more than one-half of the total deaths in this nation each year. But a careful and continuing study of the subject for more than 15 years, both in the laboratory and in my private practice, has left no doubt in my mind. It is diet that cocks the trigger of the deadly weapon now aimed at the hearts and brains of millions of Americans. 

Whether that trigger is ever pulled will depend, admittedly, on a number of other things: heredity, occurrence of other diseases in the victim, certain hormones, stresses, biochemical factors, and so on. But why play Russian roulette with your heart? By eliminating certain foods from your diet, by including others in the right amounts, and by the use of nutritional supplements, you can achieve at least a 50 per cent protection against heart attack. 

Now let's see what foods are good for your health and which foods are not. Unfortunately, as simple as proper dieting is, doctors have found it to be one of the most difficult measures to prescribe for their patients, and one of the most difficult to get them to follow consistently. Proper diet is the easiest and safest thing a physician can prescribe. But because eating habits are so firmly established with most patients, and because dietary therapy takes time, many follow a stop-and-go routine that offers little long-range benefit.

A healthy diet does not mean starvation or tasteless foods. Yet a corrective diet does not mean either starvation or the grim necessity of eating unpalatable foods. Moreover, a little experimenting in the kitchen will soon produce meals that, from the standpoint of taste and esthetic appeal, will be equal if not superior to, the high-fat dishes to which you are accustomed. In the following pages you will find ways and means of satisfying your appetite and of stimulating it in such a way that it can be constantly surprised and pleased. This is done by a little originality on your part plus a break with old cooking and eating habits that have grown into fixed, and often monotonous, dining patterns. Your palate will be grateful for the change. And you will experience on the low-fat diet a startling increase in vigor and vitality, a new sense of well-being.


You do not have to lose energy - good diet increases vigor. Neither does it mean a loss of energy or a sharp reduction in poundage, unless you are overweight, in which case the excess fat is melted off. In fact, if you adhere to the low-fat, low-cholesterol diet recommended in these pages, you will feel better, have more vigor, and firmer muscles than before. If you have a faulty fat metabolism, the diet may substantially prolong your life. You will find more energy. You will be able to accomplish more and enjoy better what you do accomplish. The low-fat, low-cholesterol diet is not intended for growing children and young persons under 20. The fatty acids contained in an unrestricted diet are apparently favorable to their growth and development. At the same time, there is the incontrovertible fact that hundreds of millions of children in the Orient and elsewhere develop to their normal physical growth and healthy adulthood on a low-fat diet. Apparently the reason for this is that nature has endowed them with the ability to synthesize or produce within the body itself from other foodstuffs eaten, the essential fatty acids found in high-fat diets. However, additional fats above and beyond those actually required and eaten in the diet are metabolized and discarded by children, or are absorbed without being deposited in harmful amounts on the artery walls. But after the period of growth is completed, and nature has exhausted her protective powers against fats, excess amounts are deposited in the artery walls. This tendency increases with each decade after you are 30 years of age.

Almost everyone can benefit from a low-fat diet. There are, of course, some individuals whose blood is so low in cholesterol and blood fats that dietary restrictions are not necessary. But these persons are decidedly in the minority; and such a condition can only be determined by a competent physician, who will order a laboratory measurement of serum cholesterol levels in the blood. People who are fortunate enough to possess these low-cholesterol levels (fixed around a 200 milligram value) are able to handle all fats ingested. They are usually characterized by outstanding vitality and are inclined to long lives. They rarely suffer from blood vessel diseases and heart attacks. I had such a person as a patient of mine in one of my teaching wards at the County Hospital. She was a Mexican-Indian woman whose documented age was 110 years. Despite this remarkable fact, and despite her other infirmities (which were not associated with degenerative blood vessel disease), she was quite spry. 

My research laboratory took samples of her blood and analyzed them with keen interest to see how much cholesterol and blood fats it would contain. In repeated tests, we found her cholesterol levels remained consistently within the range of 100 milligrams. Her other blood fats were correspondingly low. Compared with what we regard as "normal" values of blood cholesterol in the United States (150-250 milligrams), this patient's values appeared to be surprisingly low. However, the 100 milligram level discovered in the little old Mexican-Indian lady, who was born in 1840 and brought up on a diet of legumes, fruits, and Indian corn, was probably a more accurate example of what the ideal cholesterol level should be. At the opposite end of the spectrum from this vivacious centenarian are many individuals who have inherited what we of the medical profession call familial hypercholesterolemia. These words are a term referring to persons who have inherited abnormally high levels of blood cholesterol. These are the unfortunate ones throughout whose families runs the devastation of heart attacks and strokes, usually coming in the prime of life.

Such a condition is often discovered accidentally during a routine checkup by an able physician. He may note such signs as cholesterol deposits in the form of whitish plaques under the eye (called xanthalasma); or as a crescent along the periphery of the pupil in the eye (called an arcus senilis). Such indications may also be observed by the alert physician in various other parts of the body, including the elbows, arms, legs, heels, and hands. Many times the condition may reveal itself in the arteries inside the eyes, when they are checked by a competent eye doctor. Whether such danger signals exist or not, however, if you are a man over 20 or a woman over 40, a diet comprising not more than 10 to 20 per cent of fat in calories can offer some measure of protection against heart and blood vessel disease. Such a low-fat diet can, in fact, help you to enjoy the kind of over-all good health that makes life worth living. So, for your health's sake, follow the recommendations found in the rest of this chapter and avoid those foods that may destroy your health and your heart.

Low-cholesterol Program. Foods Permitted. 2



Eggs. Egg whites, which are proteins, may be eaten and used for cooking as much as desired. The yellow portion of the egg, or the yolk, contains one of the most concentrated forms of fat available - namely cholesterol - and therefore should be avoided.

Milk and Milk Products. One pint or more daily of non-fat or skim milk should be taken. Use fortified milk with added amounts of vitamin A and D, as now commonly in use. Buttermilk is also a refreshing source of milk with an exceedingly low-fat content. As an added source of fat-free or low-fat protein, skim or fat-free milk can be fortified by adding to each glass of milk one or more tablespoonsful of dried, skim milk. This "fortified" milk also has a thick creamy taste and can be flavored to suit the individual taste with various flavoring agents. Yogurt made from non-fat milk can also be used for nutritious variety.

Low-cholesterol Program. Foods Permitted. 1

Soups. Emphasize bouillons and consommes, as they are nutritious, filling, and low in calories and fats. They are ideal for relieving that hungry feeling quickly and picking you up in the process. Soups are great to warm you up instantly in cold weather and, in the jellied form, to cool you off in hot weather. Soups stimulate the digestive juices, start the stomach and intestinal muscles churning and "warmed up" for the job ahead, while "flushing out" the stomach and getting it ready to stoke the digestive furnace. Use fat-free vegetable soups, vegetable broths, and soups prepared with skimmed milk. It is imperative to remove all visible fat and grease from the soup. Here are some good ways to do this:

  1. Refrigerate or chill the soup first: then carefully remove the fat and grease that has caked on the top with a knife, spoon, or other suitable utensil. 
  2. If there is not time for refrigerating or chilling the soup first, use bread slices by direct application to the top layer of the soup, in order to blot up or absorb the grease.
  3. Place some lettuce leaves on top of the heated soup. When you see the fat absorbed onto the leaf or leaves, remove them. The lettuce leaf may also impart a slight flavor to the soup, helping to lend a little zest.
  4. Blot up the top layer of grease by floating one or more paper towels on the surface of the soup. 

When it is fat-saturated, discard the towel; it is a greasy reminder of escape from unhealthy calories. Dry soup mixes are quite low in fat and are very enjoyable. Some soup manufacturers prepare canned soups that have about a half-teaspoonful of fat per serving of soup when diluted equally with water. Vegetable and vegetable-beef canned soups, however, are very low in fat content and are thus highly desirable for the low-fat diet.

Meats. Beef, veal, and lamb are naturally high in both visible and "invisible" fat and cholesterol. However, since their protein content is most desirable for energy and palatability, and because of custom, they are basic ingredients in the low-fat diet. Much of the dietary fat allowance is contained in meat, which has its greatest amount of calories predominantly in fat. It must be kept in mind that the butcher will at all times allow a maximum of fat to remain on every cut of meat for reasons of added price and the presumption of "quality." This visible fat must be carefully cut away and trimmed while raw, before cooking. During the cooking, baking, or broiling of the meat, the fat should be drained off by keeping the meat or roast on racks. One ideal way of removing most of the fat content of meat and making it almost fat free is to partially cook it on the day before it is to be eaten. Refrigerate the meat and the broth. On the following day it is now easy to remove the layer of grease that has floated to the top and hardened. Buy and eat lean meats. If you are having ground meat, specify to the butcher that it is to be made from trimmed, lean meat. Bear in mind that the highest fat content is present in the prime and choice grades of beef, lamb, and veal (which are more expensive too), since they originate from fattened animals. Less fat and good quality is contained in meats that bear the stamp "U.S. Good." Do not fry meats. Pan-cook or brown without fat or grease, if desired, by using a dry skillet; heat and salt it first before the meat is placed in it, while turning the meat repeatedly. After it is as brown as desired, cook slowly until well done or rare, whichever you wish.


A preparation called "Pantastic" (manufactured by G. N. Coughlan Company, West Orange, New Jersey) is one method of cooking with pans and reducing fat to a minimum. It prevents meats and other foods from sticking to the pan so that grease and fat-free cooking is possible. Remember that among meats pork, bacon, and ham are highest in fat and cholesterol content. They should not be eaten on the low-fat diet other than occasionally, if permitted by your doctor or by the virtual absence of other fat-containing foods in your menus for the day. The same is generally true of sausages, and organ foods like brains, sweatbreads, and kidneys. Liver is an exception, however, as we will see later. If gravy is desired for the flavoring of meats, it must be prepared free of its usual very high fat content. The regular brown drippings found at the bottom of the pan after meat is cooked must have the meat juices separated from the exceptionally high melted fats. Separate the fat in this gravy by chilling or refrigeration. Remove the thick layer of caked grease as described above by spoon and by blotting with bread or absorbent paper. Fat-free gravies can also be made by consulting various low-fat cookbooks. Instead of gravies, meats can be flavored and made to look appetizing by the following garnishes: watercress, parsley, celery, carrots, radishes, pimento, pickles, paprika, green peppers, cucumbers, mushrooms, and onions in various shapes and combinations. Also helpful are spiced peaches, pears, prunes, apricots, cinnamon apples, spiced watermelon rind, applesauce, cinnamon pears, pineapple pieces, broiled bananas, seasoned tomatoes, herbs, and the various relishes such as mint jellies and sauces, chili, catsup, cranberry jellies, chutney, and many others. Also appealing are some of the following seasonings: garlic cloves, thyme, marjoram, basil, oregano, bay, and peppermint.

Fish. As a rule, fish are often excellent low-fat food sources. Unlike meats, very little fats will be cooked out of the fish, so attempting to drain off fish fats in cooking is unnecessary. Some fish are especially low in fat, such as perch, haddock, flounder, sturgeon, smelts, scallops. Others like brook trout, porgy, cod, and croakers are somewhat higher in fat content, but are still quite low in fat content when compared with meats. Shell-fish are outstandingly low in fat and cholesterol content. Lobster, shrimps, and crabs are ideal examples. Clams are next in line; oysters are a bit higher in fat content, but are still low in comparison with beef, lamb, or veal. For the connoisseurs, frogs-legs are also low in fat content. Tuna is now packed in dietetic form called "Chicken-of-the-Sea Brand" and is particularly low in fat. Many canned fish when not packed in oil are very low in fat.


Poultry. Chicken and turkey are excellent sources of animal proteins for low-fat, low-cholesterol content, provided lean poultry is used. The dark meat of poultry is higher in fat content than white meat. Skin should be discarded. Giblets are very high in fat content. Guinea hen and squab are also comparatively low in fat content. However, duck and goose are extremely high in fat and should not be included unless the fat is drained off and removed by the methods recommended in the section under meats. As a matter of fact, the fat from chicken and turkey, even though much less quantitatively than that in meat, is best drained off and removed in the same manner as in the preparation and cooking of all meats.

How To Use Dietary Supplements. Part 2

How to use Lecithin.

Other research workers have also recently shown that soy bean Lecithin is able to prevent blood clotting in the arteries. Wherever possible add at least two teaspoonfuls of flavored fresh brewer's yeast to skim milk, cereal or whole wheat germ daily. The use of an added two tablespoonfuls or one ounce of a fresh liver powder extract to the daily diet is invaluable for good nutrition. Both of these can be purchased at most drug stores and at all special diet food stores. Many of my patients have prepared a "Molotov" cocktail by mixing both the yeast and liver powders in tomato juice or fruit juice. Drink this "cocktail" before meals. You will often find that it acts truly like "dynamite" in producing energy and vigor! In the course of our research we have also found that Lecithin apparently has the ability to increase the cholesterol esterases in the human blood stream. These esterases are enzymes, or activators, that aid in the metabolizing of fats.

Years ago, we found that these cholesterol esterases are deficient in patients with active atherosclerosis. Lecithin has other remarkable therapeutic qualities as well. One that we are just beginning to explore is its ability to increase the gamma globulin content of the blood proteins. These gamma globulins are known to be associated with nature's protective force against the attacks of various infections in the body. In the blood stream of patients who used Lecithin as recommended, we found evidence of increased immunity against virus infections. This is of special interest, since scientists have reported finding this Lecithin-induced immunity against pneumonia. Other studies conducted by various American medical scientists have indicated that Lecithin is also beneficial in the treatment and prevention of a variety of disease, including rheumatic carditis, diseases of the liver, anemia, kidney disorders, and metabolic disturbances of the skin, such as psoriasis. Patients who successfully followed the oil-free, soybean Lecithin program continually volunteered the information that they felt a sense of well-being. They said they had more vitality, did not grow tired so quickly as they had formerly, and were in better general health than before.

Low-fat Menus


Please use these low-fat recipes here as alternates or wherever it seems best to you.

Cracker Torte:
1/8 teaspoon cream of tartar
3 egg whites
1 cup granulated sugar
8 finely crushed saltine crackers
1 oz. walnut meats, finely chopped 1/2 teaspoon vanilla extract
1 10 oz. package frozen raspberries.

How To Count The Calories. Part 2

Too much weight can strain your heart, rob you of energy.

Dr. Arthur Master, in a study of a group of patients not suffering from heart disease, found that a significant loss of weight was followed by an average 35 per cent reduction in the work the heart has to do. The lesson to you is clear: Even though your heart is strong, overweight taxes it with work and strain beyond its normal capacity. A healthy heart is gradually weakened by the extra stress imposed on it by 20, 30 or 40 pounds of unnecessary fat. Your energy reserves are depleted; you feel tired too soon and too often, even when doing simple things like walking and swimming, things that the person of normal weight can handle with ease and pleasure. Don't let too much weight rob you of a strong heart and the vibrant energy that you need to enjoy a full, healthy life. Learn to count your calories and you can count on more years of healthy, happy living.

How Does Alcohol Affect Your Health? Part 2


The effect of alcohol on the circulation. Alcohol has been used extensively as a vasodilating agent - that is, one that "opens up" and increases the flow of circulation by widening the peripheral blood vessels on the body surfaces and extremities such as in the face, the hands, the legs and the feet. Through this vasodilation the rise in skin temperature after two ounces of whiskey is as great as 9° to 12° Fahrenheit. The florid face of the drinker, the red nose of the tippler, and the traditional method of "warming up" with a "few good ones under the belt" are well-known to all of us.

How Does Alcohol Affect Your Health? Part 1


What about alcohol?

 How does it affect your health?Alcohol is both a blessing and a curse, a poison and a food, a 'pick-me-up' and a 'lay-me-down', both an appetite stimulator and a destroyer; it is truly a mass of contradictions. The very name whiskey originates from the ancient Gaelic word "usquebrugh" - water of life! Over 65 per cent of the United States population (more than 100 million Americans) drink alcoholic beverages. Of these, 76 per cent are men and 24 per cent are women. The occasional drinkers total 48 per cent; 27 per cent of men and 8 per cent of women are regular drinkers - that is, people who drink moderately or heavily at least three times a week. There are over 3 million heavy, constant drinkers, and over 750,000 alcoholics or addicts of "hard liquor". Billions of dollars are spent each year on alcohol in the U.S.A. alone, more than is spent by Americans for their own health and medical care. All figures show the growing increase in the drinking habit as part of life and social custom in our country. Let us then take a scientific look at the 'uses and abuses' of alcohol, particularly where our health is concerned.

The Injurious Effects Of Alcohol. Part 2


Chronic alcoholism. I shall not attempt to discuss the social and economic evils of this disease; it is universally condemned, while being universally talked about. But unlike the weather, something is being done about it.

A. The brain: The changes in this organ are often those related to vitamin B and C deficiencies. Hemorrhages frequently are found throughout the cerebral tissue in chronic alcoholism. The brain is particularly susceptible to injuries, such as a blow on the head. Rupture of the blood vessels with subsequent death is a frequent close to an alcoholic bout where the victim has been lodged in the "drunk tank" overnight at the local jail, and has either fallen on his head or sustained a knock on his "noggin."

The Injurious Effects Of Alcohol. Part 1

Now, having considered the beneficial effects of alcohol, we come to the injurious ones. I shall mention here only in passing the well known blights of the excessive use of alcohol on the home, the individual, and society. Volumes have been written on the devastating effects of alcoholic excess on crime, suicide, divorce, general misery in the home and to the individual, venereal disease, juvenile delinquency, traffic accidents, economic and industrial losses. Here we are concerned only with alcohol as it affects your health. The effects of alcohol have been so profound that it is startling to consider that the United States of America exists today probably as a result of alcoholic excess! In the words of the "father of our country," the British were defeated on Xmas eve, after the epochal crossing of the Delaware, because "Cornwallis" men had drunk not wisely, but too well!" What would have happened to the cause of world democracy and freedom if Washington's tattered, frozen, and decimated men had faced a sober and efficient fighting army instead of a band of drunken soldiers! Let us now consider briefly some of the main systems of the body and the effects of alcoholic damage upon them.

How To Care For Yourself After A Heart Attack. How And Why The Heart Heals Itself


To understand the real basis for hope, following a heart attack, let us look briefly at that vital organ that for centuries has been referred to in our common language as the source of feeling (as in such expressions as "heartbreak," "affairs of the heart," "heartless," and so on). As you can see from the accompanying diagrams the heart is a large muscle (about the size of your fist), which is divided into four chambers. The two smaller chambers at the top of the heart are called the auricles; the two larger ones at the bottom, ventricles. The auricles receive that impure blood that is being returned to the heart through the veins. This blood, because its supply of oxygen is almost exhausted, appears blue. The larger chambers, or ventricles, pump the fresh blood, after it has been oxygenated by the lungs, out through the arteries again, to nourish every part of the body.


How To Care For Yourself After A Heart Attack


Not long ago, David S., now a patient of mine, was rushed to the hospital after he had collapsed during a meeting of his newspaper's editorial board. He had had a heart attack. The people who work with Dave, and those who knew him well, were astonished and a little frightened. "He's younger than I am," said the publisher apprehensively. "And a real dynamo. Best city editor I ever had. I didn't know he had heart trouble." Dave didn't know it either. There were some premonitory signs of trouble, it is true. But Dave ignored them or dismissed them lightly. That morning, for instance, he had come to the office a little earlier than usual to make sure his paper didn't miss any newsworthy angles in the running story of a big forest fire that was raging not far from his city. The telephones were ringing constantly; there were instant decisions to be made in covering the day's fast-breaking news; there were several appointments with important people - a luncheon engagement with the chief of police, and an afternoon editorial meeting.

Dave was only 41. He had climbed fast in his profession because, as his publisher said, he was a dynamo. He felt that he had to keep the flow of news moving like a Niagara of copy into the presses. During the past week he had not been feeling as well as usual. He felt a little tired, and had to keep himself going by sheer force of will. It was just that he needed a little vacation, he told himself. He was a little too tense, that was all. That's why he "bounced back" when he got a chance to relax a bit over the weekend.


Dave was late getting back to the office after his luncheon with the chief of police. The official had been detained, and that had thrown Dave's schedule off completely. So he ate rapidly and discussed his business with the chief as he forced down his food. He was not very hungry, but he ate a hearty meal on the theory that he needed the energy to keep going. By the time he got back to the office, Dave was a little short of breath and somewhat dizzy. Also, he was annoyed by a pain in his chest that occasionally ran down into his left arm and hand. He barely had time to see the fourth edition out before hurrying into the editorial meeting. In the meeting he relaxed a little in his chair and felt somewhat better until the national advertising manager made him angry by charging that the paper was losing revenue because the editorial department would not support advertisers with local newstories.

At that point, Dave jumped up and began a heated oration on the responsibilities of the press. And just as his remarks had reached fever pitch, Dave suddenly felt a sharp, pressing pain deep inside his chest, under his breastbone. Beads of perspiration broke out on his forehead. He felt nauseated and very weak. His voice faltered and he collapsed to the floor. In his quiet room at the hospital, after the administration of oxygen had made his breathing easier, and an injection of medicine had relieved the pain in his chest, Dave began to realize what had happened. As a reporter he had once been assigned to the city's receiving hospital, and he recognized his own symptoms. He had suffered a heart attack. But what was going to happen now? Patients who had not died at the hospital or who had not been dead upon arrival, were always sent to other hospitals and he never had had occasion to follow up the story to see what happened afterward. Was he going to die? Or would he be an invalid the rest of his life, a burden to his family and an object of pity to his friends and colleagues?

A generation ago Dave's doctor probably would have given him only slight encouragement. For when coronary thrombosis first began to be accurately diagnosed in the mid-twenties, medical authorities regarded a three-year survival period as the best of good fortune. Today the average survival span, which includes the extremely bad cases as well as the good, may be about 10 years. So when I later discussed Dave's own case with him, I could cite from my own medical experience cases of patients who are in good health as much as 30 years after the attack.

The Low-salt, Low-fat Diet. Part 3


When may you return to work? 

When the coronary patient's heart has healed and its function has returned to normal (as determined by his doctor), he is usually allowed to return to his customary activities as soon as is practical. Of course, it is wise to do this gradually, rather than to plunge into a job where he left off. Even if it means only part-time activity at first, most people derive a great satisfaction and a lift to their morale when they can return to some useful routine of life. If the patient was engaged in very strenuous physical labor or factory work which he really did not enjoy, but which he was forced to do to earn a living, he is usually better off to find a lighter kind of work, provided it does not involve the frustrations of a long apprenticeship. There are many ways of reevaluating the kind of work a man or woman has been doing. Many of my patients were engaged in occupations that were a continued source of irritation, causing a state of alarm. Their coronary attack may even have been partly due to the unbearable and prolonged tension. For such patients I always recommend a different occupation or way of life. Then the question arises, "How can I find the right work for myself?" The American Heart Association has developed splendid programs in most of the large cities, aimed at rehabilitation of heart patients. An important part of these programs is helping the patients find the right kind of job. Some centers have also created 'heart kitchens," where housewives who have suffered heart attacks are taught many labor saving devices. Here women learn for the first time that housekeeping need not be a drudgery. The Association also sponsors vocational rehabilitation services which analyze each patient's skill, educational background, physical condition, and so on, to produce a profile of his job qualifications. Often it turns out that the average person possesses hidden talent or unsuspected skills that may open up entirely new vistas that might have remained closed to him all of his life, if he had not suffered a heart attack.

Develop a constructive, optimistic attitude toward life. The case of W. K., a brilliant and successful lawyer, is a perfect example of the vital necessity for the right attitude and philosophy of life. W., who was 52, certainly had a frightening family history. He was the only one of four brothers still alive. His three brothers had all died of heart attacks. Clearly, W. was a familial or hereditary candidate for coronary thrombosis, particularly since his blood cholesterol level was abnormally high. But Bill was a cynic, a disappointed father, and an unhappy man. By nature a pessimist, he believed that it was his fate to die of a coronary thrombosis. He proceeded to help fate along - as had the rest of his former family. No amount of pleading by a devoted and concerned wife, no amount of urging by his doctor, could induce W. to change his philosophy and his living habits. Bill insisted on eating everything, the richer and fatter the better. He drank to excess, smoked heavily and took as little rest as possible. In short order the ax fell. Bill had his coronary thrombosis and joined the rest of his family - 48 hours after his attack. On the other hand, Charles, an optimist and, of all things, an airplane pilot, was confronted with the same problem. He also had lost 3 brothers from coronaries, but Charles believed in helping to direct his own fate in a positive way. At the age of 37, he had the most vital of reasons, other than himself, for remaining in good health. The lives of thousands of passengers were in his hands. Characteristically enough, Charles also had an abnormally high blood cholesterol level. But being of a practical turn of mind, he set to work immediately in following a strict low-fat diet with dietary and vitamin supplements outlined in Chapter 5. His blood tests rapidly became absolutely perfect in every way. He felt and looked marvelous. Today, 10 years after the original examination, he is the perfect physical specimen.


What a sharp contrast in attitude and philosophy of living between Bill and Charles. What a striking contrast that meant perfect health in one case and death in the other! An equally dramatic instance of the importance of a constructive and optimistic attitude toward life and health is the case of John, a railroad engineer, 55 years of age. John piloted a crack transcontinental express for many years. He had become a little overweight and first suffered from mild anginal chest pains. He feared to bring this to the attention of the railroad doctors, for he was certain that he would lose his job. On examining him, I found that he already had coronary artery disease, was overweight, and had a high blood cholesterol level. Our engineer was also a man of constructive action. He put himself on a rigorous low-fat diet, he reduced his weight to the ideal one, and in two months became completely free of all pains. And in his own words, 'he never felt better in his life." He said his own engine had become tired of hauling "excess freight on the line" and "since disconnecting" (to quote his own terrible puns) "the fat in his freight had given him a fright." Now, after eight years of continual work, he has still a sense of well-being. He is in excellent health. His blood tests, his electrocardiograms, and his physical examinations are all perfectly normal for a man of his age. This then is an inspiring example of how a man can help direct his own fate and those of the countless others entrusted to his care. Your chances for long life are excellent. If you have had a coronary thrombosis, a key point to remember is this: your chances are excellent for many years of useful, productive living, provided you follow your doctor's advice. If you will reduce your weight to a normal figure and stay on the low-fat diet and nutritional health program described in this book, you can live just as long as the average overweight man or woman who does not follow the rules of good health given in these pages! The age at which you have an attack is not the important factor in your recovery. One patient of mine, for example, a business man in whom I am particularly interested, had his first heart attack at the age of 63. It was a severe coronary thrombosis.

Neither his family nor, to speak frankly, his former physicians expected him to live very long after the attack. But I recommended the diet and the health rules that I have included here. He took them seriously, and followed them faithfully. He is now 82 years of age, and so active in the conduct of his business that his 44-year old son, who is physically able and in good health, cannot keep up with his father's drive and vitality. A widower, he married a woman many years his junior, and they lead a normal, active, happy life together. They are constantly off on business trips, attend dances (he learned to dance when he was past 70), and take trips abroad. But it is important to bear in mind that this patient has wisely kept his weight to normal; he remains on a low-fat diet, avoids fatigue, naps often during the day, does not smoke or drink, worships regularly, and fallows the Golden Rule in both his business and private life. His outlook on life is vibrant, positive, constructive. No doubt many physicians in America could relate similar cases in their own practice. In short, you can be victorious over modern man's most deadly opponent if you play the game according to the rules.


Here, in summary, are the 10 most important:
  1. Hit that waistline hard! Keep your weight normal. Follow Chapter 6 on "Calling all Calories." Your belt in the front should not make you deserve a 'belt in the back'!
  2. Follow religiously the low-fat diet and nutritional way of living. In this way you will "add years to your life and life to your years."
  3. Consult your doctor for advice and check-ups regularly (just as you would your dentist) at least once a year. Certainly do so more often whenever there are specific questions or problems, "An ounce of prevention"
  4. Be sure to get your complete quota of sleep and rest. The average adult needs eight to nine hours a night. The night owl is often a scarecrow in the morning. Whenever you can, steal a cat-nap or rest as often as possible through the day. You recharge your 'battery' this way.
  5. Find out from your doctor how much exercise and physical exertion is safe for you. Then abide faithfully by his in structions. Perhaps your heart has completely recovered and you can do anything within reason. Perhaps you have to be moderate in physical activities. Your physician is the best judge of this.
  6. You are best off to stop smoking cigarettes. Ideally you are better off not to smoke at all! If you can't give up the weed, try a pipe, or at least cut down to a few cigarettes.
  7. As for alcoholic beverages, follow the Greek advice, "all things in moderation." Moderate and controlled drinking is a good relaxant. Remember, "what's one man's meat, may be another's poison." Some people don't tolerate alcohol well. To some it may have serious effects, especially when taken in excess.
  8. Be sure that your "plumbing" system is working in the famous American way: your bowels must function normally. Avoid constipation, as directed.
  9. Try to avoid extreme altitudes or extremes of temperature. If you have a choice, try to live in a temperate or equable climate.
  10. Whenever possible, try to arrange your work and living so that they may give you a maximum of gratification and a minimum of grief. If you can, try to enjoy a hobby that will give you relaxation and mental refreshment. Develop a wholesome, cheerful outlook and philosophy of life.

The Low-salt, Low-fat Diet. Part 2

What kind of exercise is permissible? 

Among muscular activities that are suitable to patients who have recovered from heart attacks are swimming, walking, square dancing, fishing, gardening, bowling, and horseback riding. They may also resume normal sexual relations and otherwise live normally. More violent forms of exercise, such as tennis or squash, however, are definitely dangerous. Moderate physical activity is recommended for coronary patients because during mild exercise, there occurs a nutrient withdrawal from the blood to meet increased metabolic needs. This withdrawal, in turn, results in a lower serum concentration of fats and consequently of cholesterol.


Should you smoke? 

One of the first questions a smoker will ask his physician following a heart attack is, "Doctor, do I have to give up smoking?" In most instances, the doctor will have to say "yes." In general, smoking is not good for the circulation. In fact, it is often quite injurious to circulation in the legs, if the patient is sensitive to nicotine, as many are. In some persons, smoking produces a tightening or further narrowing of the blood vessels, an action that physicians call vaso-constriction. In cases of coronary artery disease, the added squeezing down of the arteries as a result of smoking can be quite dangerous. Available evidence from research is not sufficient to show that smoking causes heart attack, but physicians know that some patients with angina pectoris (a form of coronary artery disease) may easily aggravate their condition by heavy smoking. Many of my patients have found it extremely difficult to give up the tobacco habit. For them, I usually recommend filtered pipes instead of cigarettes or cigars. For others, denicotinized tobacco, or a substantial reduction in smoking is effective. 

Should you avoid alcohol?


The use of alcohol in moderation is permitted and is, in fact, often beneficial. Just a few reminders will be touched on here. Temperate use of distilled liquors and wines is usually healthful, for they tend to dilate or open up the arteries, and thus to improve circulation. As a rule, I do not recommend the use of beer, because it is a gas-former. When beer is taken with a heavy meal, the resulting gas in the stomach may embarrass the heart or restrict its free function. My experiments, showed that severe gas-pressure could damage the heart or even arrest its action and thus affect the coronary arteries adversely. Many deaths that have been attributed to "acute indigestion" occurred in this way - gaseous ballooning of the stomach that actually squeezed life out of the heart. An additional disadvantage of beer, other than its gas-forming properties, is its salt content, which may be harmful to certain patients. For most coronary patients, moderate amounts of Scotch, brandy and wines, however, are recommended.

What about coffee and tea? 

Coffee and tea are also stimulants which, if used in moderation, may be helpful, since they too tend to dilate the blood vessels, permitting an increased flow of blood. But, as in the case of other stimulants, they can be harmful if they are used to excess.


Care of the bowels. Proper care of the bowels is essential. Constipation, which often results in straining at the stool, is harmful and may even be dangerous. Not infrequently I have known patients to precipitate heart attacks by straining to force a bowel movement. Because the importance of easy elimination in treatment of coronary patients is not generally known to the lay public, there was a good deal of surprise and amusement throughout the country when Dr. Paul Dudley White, the President's cardiologist, issued his now famous medical bulletin on the second day after the Chief Executive's coronary attack. At that time he stated that the President's condition was encouraging and that he had had a good bowel movement! This celebrated event is said to have been reported around the world. And the rejoicing was reflected in an upward swing in the stock market! On the matter of regulating the bowels your doctor is, of course, the best advisor. Most individuals require a well-balanced diet, containing fruits and vegetables, together with an adequate intake of water. They also need to take sufficient time for a relaxed bowel habit. Many of my patients have found that a glass of prune juice on arising in the morning, or one or two glasses of hot water with lemon juice or tea, are beneficial. Others have found that strained vegetable juices (cabbage juice, for example) or fruit juices taken upon arising stimulate natural bowel function. Still others have to resort to the natural, bulk-producing mild vegetable laxatives such as plantago (called Metamucil), psyllum seeds, "Saraka," "Serutan" and so on.


Can you continue to have sex relations? 

Mr. L., 43, had just recovered from his first coronary attack and was about to leave the hospital. His attractive young wife, who was his constant bedside companion, stepped out of the room to pay the hospital bill, leaving us alone for the first time without either his wife or his nurse in the room. The first question he asked: "Doctor, when will it be safe for me to have sexual relations with my wife?" This is one of the most pressing questions in the mind of most male patients under 60 (and even in some who are older!). This spoken or unspoken fear is so intimately linked with the patient's fear that he has "lost his manhood" or his virility, or that he is to be an invalid or semi-invalid from then on, that it is a deep psychological concern to men. It is a fear profoundly linked to the male personality, so shaken by a threat to existence as brought on by a coronary attack. Some men are like my patient, Mr. A., aged 63, who, whenever he attempted the sex act following his coronary attack, developed severe anginal pains. Even administration of nitroglycerine for pain prevention was to no avail. Mr. A. finally had to resign himself to the inevitable and seek gratification from other things in his life. This he did with resourcefulness. He developed the hobby of water-color painting and derived keenest pleasure and pride from this art. To most men and women who have made a good recovery from their "coronary," however, the sex act is an expression of love and devotion and is generally a relaxing, healthful experience. However, this is always so when carried out in moderation, never to the point of strain, or when fatigued or during unfavorable circumstances, since the heart actually does significantly increase its action during the sex act, as shown by recent published medical research. One businessman, a 44-year old European patient of mine, Mr. H., is an example of a well-recovered "coronary" case with a relaxed, philosophical attitude toward life. A devoted husband, deeply in love with his attractive, loving wife, he finds great satisfaction from frequent sexual relations. Mr. H. assures me this is the best "sedative" he knows, and that it banishes the daily tensions of his work. Love-making both refreshes and soothes him and is as necessary to "nourish" his love-life, as his daily food is necessary to nourish his body.


What is the best "coronary climate"? The ideal climate, as far as the coronary patient is concerned, is a temperate one. Extremes of heat and cold should be avoided. High altitudes, especially those above 5000 feet, are also a strain on the heart. Newspaper readers are well aware that during heat waves or hot spells, hospitals and emergency treatment rooms are kept busy treating patients who have collapsed from both heat strokes and heart strain. Similarly, patients who suffer from angina - a heart or coronary disease - experience their worst pains when they walk about in cold or freezing weather. Sections of the United States that are favorable to the coronary patient are the central and southern areas of California, the southern portions of New Mexico, Arizona, and Florida. There are other temperate localities in the country where the coronary patient will experience no discomfort from the weather. Your physician can advise you which locality would be best for you. To demonstrate how some men with initiative lick a climatic problem, there is a 59-year old former patient of mine who came to see me 10 years ago from a northern part of the state of Washington. Mr. 0. had had a coronary but, on exertion, suffered from anginal chest pains only during cold weather, in the winter season.


I persuaded him to leave his wheat farm after harvest time to the care of his son-in-law, who farmed with him, and to drive down and live in a trailer during the winter months in a charming spot between Los Angeles and San Diego, by the ocean and the desert. He now spends practically half the year working on his Washington farm and half the year living with his wife in their trailer in Southern California. For 10 years now he has had no anginal pain, but here is the "pay-off": After his first winter spent in Southern California, he returned to Washington so tanned, healthy, and happy that his friends (and even people he did not know but who had heard of him) formed a "Coronary" Club, and established a trailer settlement in this Southern California spot. Here a sizeable settlement from North Washington was formed, and the amount of fishing, bathing, card playing, and general fun and relaxation for members of this "Coronary" Club are a delight not only to those who have had a coronary attack, but to those men and women who are desirous of avoiding one and who wish to enjoy life and good health in their older years.

The Low-salt, Low-fat Diet. Part 1



General instructions for following a low-salt diet. You should eat only foods low in sodium content. Use no table salt (sodium chloride) in food preparation or at the table. Neo-curtasal, Diasal, Lacasal, Co-Salt (sodium free substitutes) may be used to season foods while cooking or at the table. Do not use bicarbonate of soda (baking soda) either in cooking or as an antacid. Use distilled water.


Rest. 

Sleep and rest are important. With a return of normal health, the heart patient may be inclined to do more than he should. Avoidance of fatigue from work or social activity, however, is the wisest course. Most patients should get from eight to nine hours of sleep in these hectic times. Some people, it is true, seem to get by with only five or six hours of sleep. But they are exceptional people. Patients must also be guided by their own reaction to work and daily activities. If they find themselves feeling tired or "run down" during the day, they should take a little time out for a nap. A good time for such cat-naps is the middle of the day and just before the evening meal. I often advise businessmen patients of mine to take a half-hour to rest, either in their offices or clubs, once or twice during the day, while their secretaries or business associates "cover" for them. They find that being "out" a half hour once or twice a day causes no great inconvenience, occasions no comment from their clients and is most refreshing. Social activities must be pleasant, non-taxing, and of the kind that induce a cheerful and relaxed mood. The coronary patient has always to bear in mind that he is better off away from scenes of anxiety, tension, or conflict - at play as well as at work. The value of relaxation to the coronary case and development of keen interest and enjoyment in activities outside work is especially appreciated by the physician. Several years ago in Los Angeles, a number of my colleagues formed a "Coronary Club." To be eligible, you had to be a physician and you had to have suffered a coronary thrombosis. Club members have developed the highest skills in their hobbies. Some of the most widely enjoyed of these hobbies are oil paintings, chess, sculpting, and water-color painting. Several of the doctors have already won recognition and prizes during the annual "shows" that local and national medical societies give for painting and sculpture. Indeed, one of my colleagues finds that he can hardly wait to get away from his office in order to work on an oil painting of his daughter!

Should you exercise? 

The kind and amount of exercise you take assumes a more important role in your life following a heart attack. Some people are almost fanatical in their belief that physical exercise is the only way to maintain good health. They are the persons who insist upon the efficacy of such gadgets as treadmill machines, Indian clubs, bar bells, and a variety of exercising machines. They will assure you that your heart trouble was caused in the first place by lack of exercise. The only way to regain your health now is to "restore the vitality and muscle tone that can come only from exercise." Some years ago I treated Dr. B., a brilliant and well-known biochemist and bachelor. After he recovered from his coronary attack he tried to live the exemplary, perfect life, living at home alone with his mother. After one year of excellent physical health, a new symptom developed: severe and persistent headache. The following conversation took place in my office: "Doctor Morrison, this headache of mine is just about killing me. I feel as though a vise were squeezing and crushing my head." "Well, Dr. B., you know your heart and blood pressure as well as the rest of your 'physical exam' are now perfectly normal". "But, Dr. Morrison, why do I suffer from this infernal headache? I lead an ideal life. I watch my diet, I don't smoke, don't drink, retire every night at 10 p.m., never keep late hours, am home every night with mother, never go out, don't even bother with women. What can it be?" Looking him straight in the eye and with a grin, I said: "It's simple, Ben, your halo is just too tight".

There was a startled minute of surprise and silence. Then Dr. B. himself grinned and saw through this joke into his own overstriving for perfection, having forgotten that the body needs more than physical tending to - it needs diversion, recreation, mental relaxation. I prescribed a holiday, a large dose of fun, a deep draught of gaiety and diversion, to be followed by regular, frequent doses of the same "medicine." His headache, obviously from tension and accumulated anxiety, vanished quickly! Actually, the extent of your physical exertion in any activity is a matter that must be decided by your physician. He knows that patients vary widely in their capacity for exercise and their body's tolerance to physical exertion. He knows also that exercise is nothing more than a means of stimulating the body's metabolism, of changing the body's chemistry through its effect on both circulation and on improved elimination. At least one half of all patients who experience a coronary thrombosis make a complete recovery and are able to resume normal physical activities. Of the other 50 per cent of patients, about one quarter find they are definitely limited as to their physical exertion or work. The remaining 25 per cent are either retired from work and normal activities entirely, or assume a disabled status.

President Eisenhower is a good example of those who recover completely. Despite the complication of ileitis added to his initial trouble, he made a satisfactory comeback following a coronary thrombosis. Although he was placed on a prolonged program of anti-coagulants (drugs that prevent clotting in the blood), he continued to play golf occasionally; he exercised with care and moderation, and returned to his customary Presidential duties.

Growing Younger With The Years. Part 4



Several more years of research on this question convinced us of the value of an ideal combination of: (a) low-fat, high-protein diet, (b) large amounts of Vitamin-B complex together with lipotropic (fat-preventing) agents such as choloine, betaine, and inositol (all members of the vitamin B complex) and (c) nutritional supplements such as liver extract, lecithin, and Brewer's yeast. Since it was now apparent to all medical scientists that the vast majority of the population was already afflicted with atherosclerosis by the time age 50 or 60 was reached, it was clear why this condition ranked first now as the cause of death and illness in the United States. What was not so clear, however, to most investigators and physicians was that atherosclerosis, or the "aging process" as it has so often been called, was responsible for the remarkable prevalence of premature old age, or "getting older." And what was equally important was the incredibly widespread symptoms in those who were past 50 or 60 of fatigue, lack of energy and vitality, nervousness and depression - not to mention a multitude of digestive tract, circulatory, mental, and other disturbances that stemmed from the combination of atherosclerosis and chronic nutritional deficiencies.

To put these realities to the "acid" test, my co-workers and I selected from our hospital research service 102 cases of generalized atherosclerosis and divided them into two main groups. Cases in one group of 40 patients included mostly individuals who had proven atherosclerosis of the brain, heart, and other organs. This group was given the combination of diet, massive amounts of vitamins and nutritional supplements as just described and as outlined in Chapter 5 ("Lecithin and Food Supplements"). Another and identical "control" group of 40 patients, having the same atherosclerotic conditions, was observed for comparison. This group received no dietary or nutritional treatment. Both groups had equal representation of men and women. Their ages also were comparable and ranged from 38 to 80 years. The average age for both groups, however, was 60. This is an ideal age from an investigative point of view, because clinically this age seems to be the one most widely associated with the Symptoms of so-called "aging," as previously described. At the end of one year, we published the results in the December 1953 issue of Geriatrics,] the official journal of the American Geriatric Association. (Gentries is the medical term describing the field of medicine devoted to the health and care of the elderly.) Our findings were as follows:

1. Twenty-five per cent of the group of 40 atherosclerosis cases not treated by our diet and nutritional program had died of complications from Atherosclerosis, mostly in the heart, brain, and kidneys.
2. There were no deaths in the group of 40 cases of athero sclerosis who adhered strictly to the intensive treatment of the diet and massive vitamin-nutritional supplements.
3. What was equally striking in the treated group was the im provement constantly noted in well-being, high spirits, in creased ability to work, to concentrate, and the remarkable vitality that most patients felt. Typical remarks, volun teered by patients after a few months on the treatment pro gram, were: "I feel like I have a new lease on life," "Never felt better in my life," "Doctor, I feel like a million," "It was like charging a rundown battery."
4. The proof that these remarkable improvements were not psychological was also found in comprehensive biochemi cal analyses that my colleagues and I carried out in all these cases. The blood fats and cholesterol levels in the treated series of patients decreased; from a previous, pre-treatment, slightly abnormal level, they developed into ideal blood biochemical levels at the end of a year. The protective phospho-lipids and lipo-proteins rose to very high, ideal levels. Some cases even showed remarkable improvement in their electrocardiograms (the electrical tracings made by a special instrument to measure the health and action of the heart).
5. As our published findings stated at the time, these clinical, chemical, and instrumental findings "indicate arrest or regression of the process of atherosclerosis in the arteries." This was a careful, scientific way of stating that "the evidence indicates that the aging process in the arteries can be stopped or that the arteries may be actually improved and restored to a healthier state." In still other words, it is apparently not beyond the realm of possibility to create a rejuvenating process or a return to a healthier, younger state in the body by adhering to the dietary, nutritional program recommended in this book.

One delightful example among these cases was Professor L., aged 70. A widower, he had taught at universities for a lifetime, was retired, inactive, depressed, and extremely unhappy. He could not work for long without feeling exhausted; his powers of concentration seemed to have gone, he was constantly tired and dispirited. To top it all, he suffered continuously from "indigestion," which he attributed to his own housekeeping, cooking or eating out in restaurants. Thorough examinations and X-ray studies revealed that there was no physical or organic disease present, other than the usual amount of atherosclerosis to be found in a man of his years. He then agreed to follow faithfully our dietary-nutritional program as previously described. Within a month there was already a surprising change. But after three months, his improvement was really remarkable. Gone were all the digestive symptoms. Professor L. literally bounced into the office, the picture of vitality and youthful vigor. He complained he had so much energy he just had to release it, or he felt he would explode! "Doctor," he said, "I simply must go hack to teaching again, I feel so wonderful. Would you please help me fill out these physical examination forms so I can get 'medical clearance'? I did so with pleasure and wished him good luck. A little later he secured a position in a private school. Imagine my surprise and delight when he came to my office smilingly several months later. With him was a charming, matronly widow. They had come in for their Wasserman tests, as required by the law in the State of California for pre-marriage certificates. They were leaving soon for their honeymoon! Apparently it's not only never too late to feel young, but it's also never too late to act and be young!

We all know that when you have such a sense of well-being and feel young, your whole attitude towards life is younger and fresher. One's entire philosophy can change to a more youthful, optimistic one, in place of the stagnating and defeatist attitude that so many older people have. When you feel young, you act young; you want to do youthful things and you think young. This feeling and philosophy of life prevents many mental and bodily ills that are especially apt to afflict elderly people. In this way can you maintain health, vigor, and happiness with the advancing years. It has been said that "There is really no cure for old age; only those who die young escape it." But the low-fat nutritional way of life can really help you "Grow Younger With the Years."